The rate of hydrate formation for the given c | vedclass

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Question

(C) The rate of hydrate formation depends on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Greater electrophilicity leads to a faster rate of nucleophi

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$II > I > III$

Vedclass · Answer

(C) The rate of hydrate formation depends on the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. Greater electrophilicity leads to a faster rate of nucleophilic addition. Electrophilicity is decreased by electron-donating groups (like $-CH_3$) and increased by steric hindrance reduction. Compound $II$ is formaldehyde $(HCHO)$,which has no electron-donating groups and minimal steric hindrance. Compound $I$ is acetaldehyde $(CH_3CHO)$,which has one electron-donating methyl group. Compound $III$ is acetone $((CH_3)_2CO)$,which has two electron-donating methyl groups and greater steric hindrance. Therefore,the order of reactivity is $II > I > III$.

Test	Inference
$(a)$ $2, 4-DNP$ test	Coloured precipitate
$(b)$ Iodoform test	Yellow precipitate
$(c)$ Azo-dye test	No dye formation

The rate of hydrate formation for the given compounds is:

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Test Inference

$(a)$ $2, 4-DNP$ test Coloured precipitate

$(b)$ Iodoform test Yellow precipitate

$(c)$ Azo-dye test No dye formation

Compound $X$ is:

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